Saturday, May 18, 2013

Bullying of Kids With Disabilities - Part I

English: this is my own version of what bullyi...
English: this is my own version of what bullying looks like (Photo credit: Wikipedia)













We are repeating our very popular series on bullying of children with disabilities.  This was one of our best received series, and bullying remains the hot button issue in special education law.  We will include some updates and news.  Please enjoy the series and send us any feedback!




Bullying is a real problem in our society.  Bullies often take advantage of those whom they perceive as weaker.  The Columbine tragedy brought the problem to a higher level of public awareness, but the problem persists.

Kids with disabilities are often singled out by bullies.  This has become one of the hottest of hot button issues in special education law.  Several laws could be implicated, but my focus here will be upon whether bullying can constitute a violation of IDEA.

In the next installments, I'll discuss a well-reasoned recent decision, but first some background on the legal foundations for this analysis:

In the seminal decision by the Third Circuit in Shore Regional High Sch. Bd. of Educ. v. P.S. 381 F.3d 194, 41 IDELR 234 (3d Cir. 8/30/2004) recognized that bullying could prevent educational benefit, and a school district’s failure to respond could constitute a denial of FAPE.  See also, Gagliardo v. Arlington Central Sch Dist 489 F.3d 105, 48 IDELR 1 (2d Cir. 5/30/2007).

          Shortly, thereafter the Second Circuit ruled that a student with a disability cannot receive educational benefit or FAPE if he is not in a safe environment.  Lillbask ex rel Mauclaire v. State of Connecticut Dept. of Educ.  397 F.3d 77, 42 IDELR 230 (2d Cir. 2/2/2005).  

           These cases provide the analytical foundation.  

Enhanced by Zemanta

Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Seclusion & Restraints Bill Reintroduced in Congress

, U.S. Congressman.
, U.S. Congressman. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

























Representative George Miller, the ranking member of the House Education Committee reintroduced the Keep All Children Safe Act in the Congress on Thursday of last week. The bill had passed the House of Representatives last year with bipartisan support, but it died in the Senate.

The law would regulate the abuses and misuses of the seclusion and restraint techniques on schoolchildren.  Abuses have been well documented including, but are by no means limited to, abuses involving children with disabilities. A GAO report in 2009 confirmed a previous study by the National Disability Rights Network entitled "School is Not Supposed to Hurt."

The Keeping All Students Safe Act would direct the Secretary of Education to establish minimum standards that would:
  • prohibit elementary and secondary school personnel from managing any student behavior by using any mechanical or chemical restraint, physical restraint or escort that restricts breathing, or aversive behavioral intervention that compromises student health and safety;
  • prohibit school personnel from using physical restraint or seclusion, unless such measures are required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to the student or others and certain precautions are taken;
  • require states and local educational agencies to ensure that a sufficient number of school personnel receive state-approved crisis intervention training and certification in first aid and certain safe and effective student management techniques; and
  • require schools to establish procedures to notify parents in a timely manner if physical restraint or seclusion is imposed on their child.
You can view the press release here.A You-tube video of the introduction of the bill is available here. You can read the entire bill here.

Enhanced by Zemanta

Saturday, May 11, 2013

Our Series On Bullying Rides Again

Some states in the United States have implemen...
Some states in the United States have implemented laws to address school bullying. Law prohibits bullying of students based on sexual orientation and gender identity Law prohibits bullying of students based on sexual orientation only School regulation or ethical code for teachers that address bullying of students based on sexual orientation Law prohibits bullying in school but lists no specific categories of protection No statewide law that specifically prohibits bullying in schools (Photo credit: Wikipedia)



















Bullying of children with disabilities remains the hottest of hot button issues in special education law.  Unfortunately bullying remains a huge problem.

We have had many requests to repeat the series on Bullying that we ran on these pages last year.  The series is an in depth review of the law in this ever-changing field.  NOTE special education law is a lot closer to metaphysics than it is to contract law.  It is new law (ie, it didn't come over on the boat from England.)  If you like hornbook rules and certainty, this may not be your field of law!  Beware.

In addition to the law, our series with its posts and postscripts and updates, also provides a lot of resources that are useful to those working in this field including studies on the prevalence and effects of bullying.

So starting next week, we will be repeating the bullying series, with some relevant updates and tweaks. Please make sure that your tray tables are secure and that your seats are in their upright position...
Enhanced by Zemanta

Tuesday, May 7, 2013

The Intersection of Foster Care and Mental Health

Seal of the United States National Council on ...
Seal of the United States National Council on Disability. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)



















Our friends over at the National Council On Disability recently posted an interesting op ed piece on their blog concerning the issue of kids with mental disabilities in foster care. You can review their post here.  I found it interesting, but please note the following is not my work but that of the authors:

The Intersection of Foster Care and Mental Health

By Stephanie Orlando, Member, National Council on Disability (NCD) with the assistance of Robyn Powell, NCD Attorney Advisor

May is recognized as both National Foster Care Awareness Month and Mental Health Awareness Month. What most people do not realize is the overlap that often comes with membership in these populations.

In the United States, there are more than 400,000 children and teens in foster care.  Research reveals that children and teens in the foster care system have disproportionately high rates of psychiatric disability.

One study by the National Institute of Mental Health found that nearly half (47.9 percent) of youth in foster care were determined to have clinically significant emotional or behavioral problems. Likewise, researchers at the Casey Family Programs estimate that between one-half and three-fourths of children entering foster care exhibit behavioral or social competency problems that warrant mental health services.

Youth who have “aged out” of foster care also show high rates of psychiatric disability.  According to a study by the Casey Family Programs and Harvard Medical School, a high number of former foster children have psychiatric disabilities as adults. Over half of foster care alumni had diagnoses compared to 22 percent of the comparison group.

The disproportionate level of diagnoses is perhaps most evident with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).  Thirty percent of foster alumni are diagnosed with PTSD, which is about twice the rate of U.S. combat veterans.

In 2008, the National Council on Disability (NCD), an independent federal agency that advises the President, Congress, and other federal agencies on disability policy, issued a comprehensive report Youth with Disabilities in the Foster Care System: Barriers to Success and Proposed Policy Solutions.

In that report, NCD found: “While the federal investment in the multiple systems with which these youth come in contact is significant, the disconnectedness and lack of coordination across programs and agencies call into question the effectiveness of government efforts.”

Five years later, the problems remain. The mental health needs of children and teens in foster care continue to be overlooked and inadequately addressed, often with detrimental consequences.

A significant number of the estimated 20,000 young people who leave foster care each year face inordinately bleak futures. According to researchers, just over half of these young people – 54 percent – earn a high-school diploma and a quarter of them become homeless.  On average youth aging out of the foster care system with psychiatric disabilities fare even worse.

In 2003, researchers at Georgetown University estimated that only 42 percent of students with mental health diagnoses graduate from high school. As such, foster care youth with psychiatric disabilities find themselves at a double disadvantage.

As we acknowledge both National Foster Care Awareness Month and Mental Health Awareness Month, NCD renews its call to action. We urge legislators, policymakers, and service providers to direct significant attention to the needs of children and teens with psychiatric disabilities in the foster care system by making these recommendations:

•       Increased flexibility to states and communities so programs and services can be most effectively structured to meet the needs of children and teens with disabilities in foster care;
•       More federal support for research and demonstrations to identify effective policies and practices that lead to positive outcomes for children and teens with disabilities in foster care;
•       Improvements in the quality, availability, and affordability of mental health services and supports;
•       Better training for foster care parents and increased recruitment of individuals willing to foster children and teens with disabilities;
•       Greater access to individualized, comprehensive transition services, including mental health care, for children and teens with disabilities aging out of foster care; and increased collaboration among the education, juvenile justice, child welfare, labor, dependency court, health, and mental health systems.

Further, NCD applauds the President’s new budget proposal to fund mental health initiatives. The proposed $205 million to help identify mental health problems, improve access to mental health services, and support safer school environments, if adopted, will fill an important void for many children and teens in foster care with psychiatric disabilities.

The goal for America’s foster youth to live healthy, happy lives and to become self-sufficient, contributing members of society is achievable, but we should not –and cannot – forget those young people who face significant barriers to reaching these goals.

Our nation must make a strong commitment to support children and teens with psychiatric disabilities throughout their time in foster care and take the steps necessary to ensure that a safe, healthy and positive transition to adulthood is planned for as the end goal.

This can only happen if we include youth with psychiatric disabilities in the planning process and in our communities going forward. The foundation we, as a society, build for children and teens in foster care during their formative years will likely become the basis for the future they create. Let’s build it on solid ground.
Enhanced by Zemanta

Friday, May 3, 2013

Tech Update: Our Linkedin Group Now Has Over 7,500 Members!

This is icon for social networking website. Th...
This is icon for social networking website. This is part of Open Icon Library's webpage icon package. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

















If you have not yet checked it out, the Special Education Law Group that we started through this blog over on LinkedIn now has over 7,500 members.  (That is not a typo!) You should go to the group's site and take a look.  There are always good discussions- sometimes even heated disagreements. If you lose this post, there is always a link to our LinkedIn group on the lefthand side of the blog. It is a part of our effort to use social media to spread good impartial information about special education law.

For history buffs, we also used to have a Facebook group.  At some point Facebook got all corporate in our face and "archived" our group because we were not constantly issuing nonsensical posts about what we ate for breakfast, etc. The group still exists, but it is cumbersome.

There are also many other resources available on the lefthand side of the blog.  You can sign up for a free subscription to the blog (three kinds of them.) You can view the CADRE interview videos of me. (If the written word is not enough!)

You can also finds links to all sorts of other helpful websites, including CADRE, the IDEA statute and federal regulations, NICHCY - the information clearinghouse, and OSERS- the federal agency.  We also have links to some other great blogs.

We are always looking for new impartial resources to share.  We don't recommend sites that favor either parents or school districts, even though there are some good ones.  We try to be impartial here. Let us know if you have any recommendations.
Enhanced by Zemanta

Saturday, April 27, 2013

Sometimes My Job Is Pretty Cool

I am blessed.  I get to travel a lot as a part of my job, and I frequently get to see stuff like this




Pretty cool, no?

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Superintendents Want to Eliminate Due Process: Part II

Chapel of St. Ignatius - Steven Holl - Seattle...
Chapel of St. Ignatius - Steven Holl - Seattle University (Photo credit: ScottLarsen)

















Last week we ran a post on the proposal by AASA, the superintendent's group, to kill off due process hearings and mediation. We got a lot of reaction to the post.

In the process of reviewing the reactions, I learned that our friend Jim Rosenfeld at the Seattle University Academy had a reaction to his being quoted in the article.  The following is his response that is posted on the Academy's website(the remainder of this post are Jim's response):

In early April 2013, the American Association of School Administrators (AASA) released Part I of its IDEA Re-Authorization Proposals titled "Rethinking Special Education Due Process." In its own words, the Report "contends modifications to the current due process system could greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the burdensome and often costly litigation that does not necessarily ensure measureable educational gains for special education students. At the same time, AASA's proposal preserves the right for parents to move forward with litigation against a district and maintains other effective dispute resolution models that were put in place in the prior re-authorizations."
I was asked to review and comment upon a January 2013 draft of the Report, probably because it cited quotes from my article "It's Time for an Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedure," 32-2 NAALJ 544-567 (Fall 2012) that were critical of many aspects of special education due process hearings. Those references were included in the final Report, which also listed me in acknowledging "the many people who have been involved in the development of this report."
My concern is that readers of the Report, looking simply at the quotes from my NAALJ article and the statement "acknowledging" my "involvement" in development of the report, may conclude that I support the AASA's recommendations. That is incorrect. While I have many concerns about due process, most of them could be ameliorated by assuring that parents have competent counsel. I have never suggested or advocated that a litigation option be removed from IDEA. Moreover, I never saw the recommendations included in the final report.
Most importantly, I fundamentally disagreed then and now with the Report's assessment of the place of children with disabilities in the public education system. Reproduced below is virtually the entire body of my comments provided to AASA following my review of the draft I was provided.
"My apology for taking so long in getting back to you on this. I hope you are still open to additional comments, but if not, I completely understand. Moreover, I suspect you will not be happy with what I have to say, but you did ask and I would not feel comfortable being other than completely honest. Finally, I hope and expect that you will not share the following with anyone without my prior consent.
"To be candid, I find the article surprisingly insensitive to the needs and concerns of children with disabilities and their parents - with one surprising exception. That is the first paragraph of the section titled "Reconsidering a due process framework for IDEA," which sounds like it was written by a different author. I understand, obviously, that the article is written from and designed to explain the school administrators' perspective, and it does that well. The statistical information, particularly, is quite useful.
"However, there appears to me to be a tone throughout the article that children with disabilities are being uniquely and unfairly entitled to privileges not available to other children, when in fact the IDEA mandate was enacted (as I'm sure you know) to provide them with the same access to education routinely provided to children without disabilities. (Or as an old friend of mine put it many years ago: "Kids with disabilities are entitled to the same lousy education as kids without disabilities.") Moreover, there does not appear to be much tolerance or understanding of the need for a litigation alternative in the event that other dispute resolution procedures fail, even though most of us agree about the many serious flaws surrounding litigation (e.g., cost, length, access to representation, etc.), virtually all of which are found in other, non-education settings. Finally, I see no recognition that, to put it bluntly, schools are sometimes responsible for generating litigation, for example by poorly implementing the law, failing to train personnel adequately, refusing to identify children or provide them with necessary programs/services for fear of "setting a bad example," etc. To put it another way, no one has clean hands here, even if the system was perfect, which it obviously isn't. Finally, in my opinion, taking away the litigation alternative, particularly given how infrequently it is used, will inevitably be viewed by the parent community as a major threat and, I suspect, undermine the chances of realizing other important improvements."
I concluded my comments with the suggestion that a good, data-driven study of the due process system be conducted, suggesting that it is much needed and long-overdue. There was no response to this suggestion.


Enhanced by Zemanta