The National Center for Education Statistics of the Institute of Education Sciences has released its annual data report the Digest of Education Statistics 2016. The report is a wealth of information about public education data.
Here is a quote from page 71 of the report:
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
enacted in 1975, mandates that children and youth ages 3–21
with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate public
school education. The percentage of total public school
enrollment that represents children served by federally supported
special education programs increased from 8.3 percent
to 13.8 percent between 1976–77 and 2004–05 (table
204.30). Much of this overall increase can be attributed to a
rise in the percentage of students identified as having specific
learning disabilities from 1976–77 (1.8 percent) to
2004–05 (5.7 percent). The overall percentage of students
being served in programs for those with disabilities
decreased between 2004–05 (13.8 percent) and 2014–15
(13.0 percent). However, there were different patterns of
change in the percentages served with some specific conditions
between 2004–05 and 2014–15. The percentage of
children identified as having other health impairments (limited
strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute
health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis,
rheumatic fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia,
epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes) rose
from 1.1 to 1.7 percent of total public school enrollment, the
percentage with autism rose from 0.4 to 1.1 percent, and the
percentage with developmental delay rose from 0.7 to 0.8 percent. The percentage of children with specific learning
disabilities declined from 5.7 percent to 4.5 percent of total
public school enrollment during this period. In fall 2014,
some 95 percent of 6- to 21-year-old students with disabilities
were served in regular schools; 3 percent were served in
a separate school for students with disabilities; 1 percent
were placed in regular private schools by their parents; and
less than 1 percent each were served in one of the following
environments: in a separate residential facility, homebound
or in a hospital, or in a correctional facility (table 204.60).
You can read the entire 970 page report here.
Her is a cool chart from the report:
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